#include "libm.h" // for FORCE_EVAL #include // for log1p, atanh, double_t #include // for uint64_t /* atanh(x) = log((1+x)/(1-x))/2 = log1p(2x/(1-x))/2 ~= x + x^3/3 + o(x^5) */ double atanh(double x) { union { double f; uint64_t i; } u = { .f = x }; unsigned e = u.i >> 52 & 0x7ff; unsigned s = u.i >> 63; double_t y; /* |x| */ u.i &= (uint64_t)-1 / 2; y = u.f; if (e < 0x3ff - 1) { if (e < 0x3ff - 32) { /* handle underflow */ if (e == 0) FORCE_EVAL((float)y); } else { /* |x| < 0.5, up to 1.7ulp error */ y = 0.5 * log1p(2 * y + 2 * y * y / (1 - y)); } } else { /* avoid overflow */ y = 0.5 * log1p(2 * (y / (1 - y))); } return s ? -y : y; }